Unconsciousness
What do you mean about Unconsciousness??
Or What is the causes of Unconsciousness?
What is the management of unconsciousness??
Or, What is the treatment of unconsciousness?
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Unconsciousness means lose of conscious.
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Causes of Unconsciousness
Some causes of unconsciousness :
âĸ Ceribrovascular disease :
Subarachnoid haemorrhage, Intracerebral haemorrhage, Brainstem gaemorrhage, Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
âĸ Metabolic Disturbance :
Diabetes mellitus : Hypoglycaemia,Hyperglycaemia.
> Hyponatraemia
> Uraemia
> Hepatic Failure
> Reapiratory failure
> Hypothermia
> Hypothyroidism
> Hyperthyeoidism
> Drug overdose.
âĸTrauma :
Cerebral contusion, Extradural haematoma, Subdural haematoma.
âĸ Infections :
Meningitis, Encephalitis, Cerebral abscess, Systemic sepsis.
âĸOthers :
Epilesy,Brain tumor,Thiamine deficiency, Pulmonary embolism, Alchohol, Poiaoning, snake bite.
Management of unconsciousness:
âĸ Immediate assessment of airway, pulse, pupil, trauma.
âĸ Immediate management: The ABC of basic life support:
1. Maintenance of airway: clear the airway by oro-pharyngeal suction.
2. Maintenance of breathing: Mouth to mouth breathing, Oâ inhalation.
Endo-tracheal intubation (if needed Tracheostomy (if needed).
3. Maintenance of circulation:
. CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation).
.Open /v channel & give /v fluid (if needed).
C. Further assessment:
1. History from an attendance, e.g. trauma, hypertension, DM, epilepsy, poisoning etc.
2. Level of consciousness: Glasgow coma scale.
3. General examination: Pulse, BP, temperature, skin colour, respiration rate, depth and
4. Neurological examination:
Head & neck for evidence of trauma. Pupillary size, shape and reaction to light.
Ocular movement.
Reflexes.
D. Investigation:
1. Blood and urine: Routine and biochemistry, e.g. Urea, S. creatinine, electrolyte, glucose.
âĸLiver biochemistry.
2. CSF examination.
3. CT scan and MRI of head.
E. General management (long term):
1. Care of skin: Keep the skin dry and clean, avoid pressure sore.
2. Care of eye: Irrigation, taping of lids, prevention of corneal damage.
3. Care of mouth: Mouth wash, suction.
4. Care of bowel & bladder: Catheterization (if needed) and avoid constipation.
5. Calories: Liquid diet through NG tube 3000 kcal/day. F. Regular monitoring pulse, BP, temp, respiration, urinary output, ECG. G. Treatment according to cause.
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