What is Oedema?( Oedema কাকে বলে?). Classification of Oedema.( Oedema এর শ্রেনিবিভাগ)

What is Oedema??

The accumulation of excessive amount of fluid in the intercellular tissue space and/or body cavities is called oedema.

ইডিমা কাকে বলে?? 

আন্তঃকোষীয় টিস্যু স্থান এবং শরীরের গহবরে যদি তরল জমা হয় তখন তাকে ইডিমা বলে। 

Classification of Oedema 

A. According to extent of oedema :

1.Localized Oedema: Example-

• Acute inflammatory oedema.

• Tyoe -I hyoersensitivity oedema.

• Oedema due to venus obstruction.

• Oedema due to lymphatic obstruction.

2. Generalized oedema : Example-

• Oedema due to heart failure

• Oedema due to renal causes :Renal failure,   nephrotic syndrome, acute       glomerulonephritis ( AGN)

• Oedema due to chronic liver disease ( cirrhosis of liver) 

• Oedema due to protein energy malnutrition (kwashiorkor).

B. According to clinical classification:

1.Pitting Oedema.:example- hepatic oedema,cardiac oedema,renal oedema,oedema in PEM.

2.Non- Pitting Oedema :example-Oedema in lymphatic obstruction, myxoedema (hypo thyroidism in adult). 

C. According to  nature of oedema fluid :

1.Exudative or inflammatory oedema.

2. Transudative oe non inflammatory oedema. 

D.According to aetiology of oedema ( Pathophysiologic categories of oedema) :

1.Increase hydrostatic pressure :

• Imparied venous return : example congestive cardiac failure (CCF).

• Arterial dilation : example - heat. 

2.Reduce plasma osmotic pressure :

• Nephrotic syndrome.

• Liver cirrhosis.

• Malnutrition.

• Protein losing gastroenteropathy. 

3. Lymphatic Obstruction :

• Inflammatory 

• Neoplastic 

• Post Surgical 

4. Sodium and water retention :

• Execessive salt intake with renal insufficiency

• Increased tubular reabsorbtion of sodium.

• Renal hypoperfusion.

5. Inflammation : 

• Acute inflammation. 

• chronic inflammation.