What is Haemorrhage?
Haemorage is escape of blood from the blood vessel to the exterior ( outside the body, in the tissue, within a viscus or within a cavity).
Or, Haemorrhage is escape of blood out of blood vessel.
Types or Classification of Haemorrhage
According to source
- Arterial haemorrhage: Bleeding is bright red in colour, steady & copious flow.
- Venous haemorrhage : Bleeding is dark red in colour, steady & copious flow.
- Capillary haemorrhage :Bleeding is bright red in colour and continue ooze.
According to durition
- Primary haemorrhage :Bleeding at the time of operation or injury.
- Reactionary haemorrhage : Bleeding within 24 hours of operation or injury ( usually within 4-6 hours of operation).
- Secondary haemorrhage : Bleeding within 7-14 days of operation.
According to visibility / According to relation with the exterior
- External ( revealed/visible) haemorrhage : such asas
- Skin cut.
- Haematemesis
- Haemoptyais
- Epistaxis.
- Melaena.
- Haematuria.
Internal ( concealed / invisible) haemorrhage : such as
- Cerebral haemorrhage.
- Closed fracture -femur, tibia etc.
- Bleeding peptic ulcer.
- Ruptured liver
- Ruptured spleen.
- Ruptured ectopic pregnancy etc
According to mode of onset
- Acute haemorrhage : such as
- Stab injury.
- Ruptured spleen.
- Ruptured liver etc.
2. Chronic haemorrhage : such as
- Hookworm infection.
- Bleeding peptic ulcer.
- Haemorrhoids.
- Menorrhagia.
- Cancer etc.
According to relation with surgery :
- Surgical haemorrhage.
- Non- surgical haemorrhage.
What are the causes of acute & chronic haemorrhage.
Acute haemorrhage :
- Trauma.
- Surgical operation.
Chronic haemorrhage :
- Peptic ulcer.
- Haemorrhoids.
- Hitas hernia.
- Carcinoma stomach.
- Carcinoma of colon Chronic aspirin ingeation.
- Oesophageal varices.
- Ulcerative colitis.
- Hookworm infestation.
What are the causes of spontaneous bleeding
- Carcinoma.
- Scurvy.
- Hepatoma.
- Liver cancer.
- Autoimmune thrombocytopenia.
- Ectopic pregnancy.
- Malignant hypothermia.
- Ovarian cysts.
- Vitamin k deficiency.
- Haemophilia.
- Dengue fever.
- Malaria.
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