What is anti-hypertensive drugs?? Classify anti-hypertensive drugs/ Cardivascular Pharmacology -Wonder Medical-2022
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What is anti-hypertensive drugs?? Classify anti-hypertensive drugs/ Cardivascular Pharmacology -Wonder Medical-2022

     


    What is anti-hypertensive drugs?? 

    The drugs or agents are used in the treatment and prevention of hypertension are called anti hypertensive drugs.

    Name different classes of anti -hypertensive drugs

    Sympatholytic  ( sympathoplegic)  agents :

    1. Centrally acting :

    • Alfa-methyl dopa
    • Clonidine. 
         2.  Peripherally acting :
    Adrenergic receptor blockers :

    Alfa -blockers:
    • Prazosin
    • Phentolamine
    • Terazosin
    • Tamsulosin
    Bita -blockers
    • Atenolol
    • Metoprolol
    • Biaoprolol
    • Propanolol
    • Pindolol
    Mixed ( both alfa & bita blockers) 
    • Alfa -methyl dopa.
    • Guanethidine.
    • Reserpine.

    Renin -angiotensin-aldosterone system ( RAAS)  Inhibitors:
    1. Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE)  inhibitor :
    • Ramipril
    • Captopril
    • Enalapril
    • Lisinopril
    2.  Angiotensin-II receptor blockers :
    • Losartan
    • Valsartan
    • Olmesartan
    Ca++ chanel blockers:

    1. Amlodipine
    2. Nifedipine
    3. Nimodipine
    4. Verapamil
    5. Diltiazem etc.
    Direct vasodilators:
    1. Na+- nitroprusside
    2. Diazoxide
    3. Minoxidil
    4. Hydralazine
    Diuretics:
    1. Loop diuretics ( severe hypertension) 
    • Frusemide
         2. Thiazide diuretics ( mild to moderate hypeetension) 
    • Hydrochlorothiazide
    • Indapamide
    3. Potassium sparing diuretics :
    • Spironolactone
    • Triamterone.
    • Amiloride
    Name the important clinically used anti-hypertensive drugs/ Name the moat commonly used anti-hypertensive drugs 
    1. Bita-blockers: Atenolol, Metoprolol, Bisoprolol
    2. Alfa-blockers: Prazosin,Tamsulosim.
    3. ACE inhibitors : Ramipril.
    4. Angiotensin-II rwceptor blockers : Losartan, Olmesartan.
    5. Alfa methyl dopa.
    6. Ca++ channel blockers : Amlodipine, Nifedipine, Nimodipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem..
    7. Diuretics : Frusemide,Hydrochlorothiazide.
    8. Combination: Some fixed dose combination,  example -
    • Losartan + Hydrocholorothiazide
    • Amlosipine + Atenolol.
    • Amlodipine + Olmesartan. 
    • Frusemide + Apironolactone.
    Justify Combination use of drugs used in the treatment of hypertension 
    Combination of 2 or more srugs is used for the following reason -
    1. When HTN is not well controlled by single drug.
    2. Grade-2 HTN.
    3. Malignant HTN.
    4. In case of resiatant HTN.
    5. Associated with comorbid condition : example - DM, chronic kidney & liver diseases ( CKD & CLD). 
    6. To minimize adverse effects.
    7. Convenient to use.
    8. Good patient compliance.

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