What is Haematuria?? Types or classification of Haematuria

Presence of blood in the urine is called haematuria.

1.Microscopic Haematuria.

When haematuria is not visible on naked eye examination of urine but  can be detected  by microscopic examination of urine, it is called  Microscopic haematuria.

2.Macroscopic(gross) haematuria 

When haematuria is not viaible and reported by the patient,  it is called macroscopic haematuria.

#Causes of Haematuria 

1. Renal causes 

2.Post Renal causes.

3.Extra Renal causes

•Renal causes :

1.Congenital -Polycystic kidney disease.

2.Traumatic-Accident,Renal Stone.

3.Inflammatory -Acute glomerulo nephritis(AGN),Severe acute pyelonephritis, Renal tuberculosis.

4.Neoplastic -Renal cell carcinoma.

5.Vascular -Renal infraction. 

•Post Renal Causes:

1.Uretic -Neoplasia(tumor),stone.

2.Urinarry bladder-Cystitis,neoplasia,stone,trauma.

3.Prostatic-Prostatitis,neoplasia,benign,enlargement of  prostate (BEP).

4.Urethral-Urethritis,stone,trauma(rupture)

•Extra renal causes :

1.Bleeding disorder -Haemophilia,Thrombocytopenia,Leukaemia.

2.Bacterial endocarditis.

3.Anti coagulant drugs.

4.Malignent hypertension. 

1. Glomerulonephritis (most commonly, IgA nephropathy).

2. Tumour of the kidney, ureter, bladder or prostate.

3. Tuberculosis.

4. Interstitial nephritis (unless very acute/severe).

5. Acute tubular necrosis.

6. Coagulation disorders.

7. Anticoagulant therapy.

8. Renal ischaemia (renovascular disease).

9. Distance running or other severe exercise. 10. Hypertensive nephrosclerosis.

11. Schistosomiasis.

1. Urinary tract infection (UTI).

2. Renal calculi with obstruction.

3. Loin pain-haematuria syndrome. 4. Reflux nephropathy and renal scarring.