Inflammation কি? Inflammation কয় প্রকার? Inflammation এর কারন কি?( What is inflammation? Types of inflammation and causes of inflammationinflammation)

 Pathology and Microbiology 

Question:

1. Define inflammation. D.06,09,14,J.15,17

 or, what is inflammation? D.12 J.09, 12,13,16

2. Classify inflammation. 

Or, types of inflammation. 

3. What are the causes of inflammation? 

Or, mention the causes of inflammation. 

Ans :

Definition of inflammation  :

Inflammation is a complex reaction in living vascularized tissue to injurious agents. 

Or,

Inflammation is a complex reaction in living vascularized tissue to injurious agents leading to exudation, accumulation of portein-rich fluid & leukocytes in extravascular tissue, provided the injury dose not destroy the tissue.

Inflammation

Types of inflammation :

According to duration,  inflammation is two types:

1. Acute inflammation : Morphologically it is of the following types -

°   Serous inflammation: e.g. pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, ascites etc.

°   Fibrinous inflammation : e.g. pericarditis meningitis etc.

°   Suppurative / purulent inflammation : e.g. abscess, boil etc.

°   Ulcer: e.g. peptic ulcer of stomach or duodenum.

2. Chronic inflammation : Two types -

°    Chronic specific inflammation : e.g. tuberculosis,  rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis.

°   Chronic non- specific inflammation :e.g. chronic osteomyelitis.

Causes of inflammation :

1. Infectious agents : e.g. bacteria,  virus, fungus, protozoa, helminths etc.

2. Physical agents : e.g. trauma, heat,cold, radiation etc.

3. Chemical agents : e.g. acid, alkali etc.

4. Tissue necrosis (from any cause).

5. Foreign bodies : e.g. splinters, dirt, sutures.

6. Immune reactions : e.g. hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune diseases.

B. Causes of chronic inflammation : 

1. Chronic inflammation from onset:

°   persistent infection by certain microorganisms : e.g. tubercle bacilli, treponema pallidum etc.

°    Autoimmune diseases: e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) etc.

°   Unknown cause: e.g. sarcoidosis, Crohn,s disease, ulcerative colitis.

2. Chronic inflammation from acute inflammation :

°   persistence of injurious agent in acute inflammation : e.g.chronic abscess.

°   Interference in healing process: e.g. chronic suppurative osteomyelitis due to presence of sequestrum (dead bone).

°   Drainage is delayed or inadequate: e.g. lung abscess.

°   Recurrent bouts  of acute inflammation :

e.g. chronic pyelonephritis, chronic, cholecystitis, chronic gout.