★ What Is Antibiotic?? (অ্যান্টিবায়োটিকস্ কাকে বলে?)

★  Classification Of Antibiotics.
(অ্যান্টিবায়োটিকস্ এর প্রকারভে)

★  Criteria Of an Idle Antibiotics. 

★Sources Of Antibiotic. 


Answer


Definition Of Antibiotics :



Antibiotics are the chemical substances obtained from certain micro-organism such as bacteria and fungi and are used to killed or inhibit the growth  of other pathogenic micro-organism such as Pneumococcal, Gonococcal without affecting the host tissue..

বাংলায় অনুবাদঃ 
অ্যান্টিবায়োটিক হল কিছু নির্দিষ্ট অণুজীব যেমন ব্যাকটেরিয়া এবং ছত্রাক থেকে প্রাপ্ত রাসায়নিক পদার্থ এবং হোস্ট টিস্যুকে প্রভাবিত না করেই নিউমোকক্কাল, গনোকক্কালের মতো অন্যান্য প্যাথোজেনিক মাইক্রো-অর্গানিজমের বৃদ্ধিকে মেরে ফেলা বা বাধা দিতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।


Classification Of Antibiotics :

A) According to Mechanism of Action:
 
(1) Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis:
 •Penicillin
•Cephalosporins
•Bacitracin
•Vancomycin.
(2) Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis :
•Tetracyclines
•Chloramphenicol
•Erytromycin
•Aminoglycosides
(3)Antibiotics that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis:
•Rifampicin
•Streptomycin
•Actinomycin
•Gentamycin
(4)Antibiotics interfering with transport through cell membrane :
•Amphotericin
 •Polymixin
•Polyene
•Nystatin

[B] According to Spectrum of activity: 

(1)Broad Spectrum Antibiotics :Antibiotics That have wide range of antimicrobial activity (gram positive and gram negative):
•Relative Broad spectrum :
•Ampicillin
•Amoxacillin
•Erythromycin
•Cephalosporins
True Broad spectrum :
•Tetracyclines
•Chloramphenicol

(2)Narrow Spectrum Antibiotics :Antibiotics that have narrow range of antimicrobial activity :

•Penicillin
•Cloxacillin
•Dicloxacillin
•Fluoxacillin
•Methicillin
•Nafcillin

(3) Macrolids :
•Lincomycin
•Vancomycin
•Bacitracin

[C] According to mode of action :

(1)Bacteriocidal Antibiotics :
•Penicillin
•Cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
•Cotrimoxazole

(2) Bacteriostatic Antibiotics:
•Tetracyclines
•Chloramphenicol
•Sulphonamides

Criteria Of an Ideal Antibiotics :


1.An ideal Antibiotic exhibits selectives and effective anti-microbial activity. 


2.More Bacteriocidal rather than Bacteriostatic.


3.Kills broad range of micro-organism.


4.Characteristic Abaorption, Distribution, fate,and excretaion

.
5.Bacteria should not develop resistance. 


6.Anti microbial efficacy should not be reduced by the body fluids, exudates,plasma proteins or tissue enzyme. 


Sources of Antibiotics :

(1) Actinomycetes ( 58% of the total)  :

•Actinomycin

•Chloramphenicol

•Gentamicin

•Kanamycin

•Tetracyclines

•Erythromycin


(2) Fungi(18%):

•Penicillin

•Cephaloaporins

•Grisofulvin

(3) Higher plants and bacteria (9%)

.

(4)Algae, animal and lichens (3%)

.


1 thoughts on "অ্যান্টিবায়োটিকস্ কাকে বলে? কত প্রকার ও কি কি? উদাহরনসহ লিখ।। What is Antibiotics? Give the classification and Criteria of Anyibiotics."